Russia's First mRNA Cancer Vaccine Administered in Groundbreaking Trial

A 60-year-old man from the Kursk region has become the first patient in Russia to receive an experimental mRNA cancer vaccine. The treatment, called Neonka-Vac, was approved by the Health Ministry in November 2025 and marks a new approach in personalised cancer therapy. The vaccine was first administered in early April 2026 to the patient, who is battling advanced skin melanoma. His treatment options were limited, leading doctors to pursue this experimental approach. Neonka-Vac is unique—it is custom-made based on the molecular and genetic profile of the patient’s tumour.

Developed jointly by the Gamaleya National Research Center, the Blokhin National Medical Research Center of Oncology, and the A.F. Tsyb Medical Radiological Research Center, the vaccine aims to trigger a targeted immune response. Early blood tests have shown minor but promising changes in the patient’s immune activity. The man is currently under observation at a regional oncology clinic in Kursk. He has already received his first dose and is scheduled for around ten more injections. The next dose is planned for early May, timed between the public holidays.

The patient’s progress will be closely monitored in the coming months. If successful, this personalised vaccine could offer new hope for those with limited treatment options. Further doses will determine the long-term effects of Neonka-Vac.