Bangladesh's Barind Tract Faces Deepening Drought and Crop Collapse

Drought conditions in Bangladesh's Barind tract have worsened over the past two decades, hitting farmers hard. A new study by the Bangladesh Meteorological Department reveals a steady drop in rainfall—54 mm less per decade—alongside shifting monsoon patterns that deepen water shortages. The crisis has slashed crop yields, drained groundwater reserves and pushed families into financial distress. The Rajshahi region, including Tanore and Nachol Upazilas, now receives an average of just 1,235 mm of rain annually—far below the national average of 2,000 mm. Data from 1980 to 2023 shows monsoon rains declining while post-monsoon downpours grow more intense. These changes have accelerated groundwater depletion, with depths plunging from 80–85 feet to as low as 130 feet in some areas.

Farming communities face severe losses as a result. Rice production has fallen by roughly 36%, and wheat output has dropped by up to 60% in the worst-affected zones. Over 90% of farmers depend on tube wells for irrigation, but shrinking groundwater supplies and repeated crop failures have cut incomes by as much as 40% in extreme drought years. Financial strain has forced nearly half of affected households to sell livestock or other assets. More than 60% have taken out loans to cope, while many now skip expensive foods like meat. Researchers point to a lack of water storage—77% of farmers do not use ponds or tanks—and limited adoption of intercropping (87% have never tried it). To ease pressure on groundwater, experts urge a shift toward surface water sources and cheaper irrigation methods.

The drought's toll on agriculture and livelihoods is clear, with groundwater levels sinking and debts rising. Without changes to water management, the region's farming communities will continue to struggle. Researchers stress that expanding surface water use and low-cost irrigation could help reduce reliance on dwindling underground reserves.