Scientists Pinpoint Asteroids That Could Fuel Future Moon and Mars Missions

A new study suggests that certain types of asteroids could become valuable sources of materials for future space missions. Researchers from the Institute of Space Sciences (ICE-CSIC) in Spain analysed meteorites to uncover which asteroids hold the most potential. Their findings, published in Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, highlight how these celestial bodies might support long-term exploration of the Moon and Mars. The team focused on carbonaceous chondrites, a rare group of meteorites that make up just 5% of those found on Earth. Though fragile, these meteorites offer clues about the chemical makeup of their parent asteroids, including traces of early solar system materials. By examining six common types of carbonaceous chondrites, scientists identified which asteroids could contain useful metals, water, or other resources.

Most undifferentiated asteroids are not currently worth mining. However, the study points to pristine asteroids with distinct olivine and spinel bands as promising targets. If the goal is water extraction, asteroids rich in water-bearing minerals would be ideal—but new techniques for low-gravity processing would first need development. Proposals for using these asteroids include capturing them and moving them into orbit around the Moon for easier access. Extracting water from such bodies could also provide fuel or life-support supplies for deep-space missions. The research stresses that more sample-return missions are needed to confirm the origins of these asteroids and refine mining strategies. The findings support the broader push for *in-situ* resource use, reducing reliance on costly resupply missions from Earth. By pinpointing the most resource-rich asteroids, the study aims to guide future mission planning and technology development.

The study provides a roadmap for identifying and exploiting asteroid resources, particularly for water and metals. Future missions will depend on these findings to select targets and develop the necessary tools. If successful, asteroid mining could play a key role in sustaining human presence beyond Earth.