Revolutionary Hybrid Catalysts Merge Light and Enzymes for Safer Chemical Production

Scientists have developed a new type of hybrid catalyst that merges light-driven chemistry with enzyme-based reactions. The innovation comes from a team at the Fraunhofer Institute for Microtechnology and Microsystems IMM, working alongside other Fraunhofer institutes and universities. These particles could simplify chemical production by generating key reactants on the spot, without the need for hazardous storage or complex handling.

The hybrid catalysts combine graphitic carbon nitride (C₃N₄) nanoparticles with silica particles carrying immobilised horseradish peroxidase (HRP) enzyme. This setup allows the system to perform photocatalysis and biocatalysis simultaneously, using visible light as an energy source. A key advantage is the direct production of hydrogen peroxide within the reaction, removing the need for external supply or risky storage.

The particles are manufactured through a scalable spray-drying method, making them adaptable for different industrial uses. Researchers also identified a 'compatibility window' to ensure stable interaction between the photocatalytic and enzymatic stages. Testing in a continuous flow system, using a capillary photoreactor, confirmed their effectiveness.

Designed with industry in mind, these catalysts offer robust performance, better heat control, and improved safety. They require less space than traditional systems and can be easily integrated into existing flow setups. This flexibility speeds up the shift from lab-scale experiments to full industrial processes.

The new hybrid catalysts could change how chemicals are made, enabling cleaner and more efficient production. Their ability to work in flow systems and generate reactants in real time reduces reliance on external supplies. Potential applications range from pharmaceuticals to fine chemical synthesis, all while using renewable light energy.