Asia's coal revival threatens climate goals amid energy shortages

Asian nations are turning back to coal after disruptions to oil and gas supplies. The shift follows tensions affecting shipments through key trade routes, including the Strait of Hormuz. With energy shortages looming, countries are prioritising coal to meet demand—despite concerns over air quality and climate goals.

India has ramped up coal burning to cope with summer demand and ease a gas shortage. The move ensures power supply but exposes all 1.4 billion residents to unsafe levels of fine particles, as per WHO standards. Meanwhile, South Korea lifted restrictions on coal-generated electricity, and Indonesia is focusing on its domestic coal reserves to fill gaps.

Thailand, the Philippines, and Vietnam are also expanding coal-fired power. Coal prices have climbed 13% since the start of the conflict, making imports costlier. In Vietnam, PM2.5 pollution already far exceeds WHO limits, and residents report growing health worries linked to dirty air.

The return to coal risks slowing Asia's transition to renewable energy. Countries like Indonesia and South Korea may struggle to phase out coal in the long term if reliance deepens now. Burning more coal worsens smog and increases emissions, undermining climate commitments while raising health risks from heart disease, stroke, and lung cancer.

The region's heavy dependence on imported fuel leaves it vulnerable to supply shocks. With coal use rising, air pollution and emissions are set to worsen. Governments now face balancing immediate energy needs with long-term environmental and health consequences.