SpaceX and Japan Race to Tame the Growing Threat of Space Debris

Space debris is becoming a growing threat to satellites and space stations. Recent incidents, including damage to Chinese space stations, have highlighted the urgency of the problem. Now, Japan has put forward a new solution: a plasma propulsion engine designed to help clear the clutter in orbit.

Meanwhile, SpaceX is taking its own steps to reduce risks. The company is lowering the altitude of nearly half its Starlink satellites in 2026 to cut collision chances and speed up their removal if they fail.

The issue of space debris has worsened as more satellites fill Earth's orbit. With around 9,400 Starlink satellites currently active, the risk of collisions—and the resulting debris—has risen sharply. This aligns with the Kessler syndrome theory, which warns that a chain reaction of satellite crashes could create an uncontrollable cloud of debris.

SpaceX has responded by proactively deorbiting satellites. As of October 2025, the company was removing roughly one to two satellites per day to reduce the number of non-maneuverable objects. By early 2026, over 9,600 active Starlink satellites were in orbit, but lowering their altitude helps speed up their natural decay if they malfunction.

Japan's proposed plasma propulsion engine offers another approach. The technology could actively push defunct satellites into lower orbits, where they burn up faster. This method aims to prevent collisions and reduce the long-term buildup of debris.

Starlink's role in providing broadband to remote areas remains important, but the company's efforts to lower satellite altitudes show a shift in focus. By reducing orbital lifetimes, SpaceX hopes to limit the risk of creating more debris while maintaining its global internet service.

The combined efforts of Japan's plasma engine proposal and SpaceX's altitude adjustments signal a push to tackle space debris. Lowering satellites shortens their operational lifespan but reduces collision risks. If successful, these measures could help prevent the worst-case scenario of an uncontrollable debris field in Earth's orbit.