From Peter the Great to modern advocacy: Two holidays with deep roots

Two distinct observances trace their roots to historical decrees and modern advocacy. In Russia, Social Worker’s Day began in 1994, while International Housewife’s Day originated from a proposal by Gabriela Delgado. Both highlight societal contributions, past and present. In Russia, the social welfare system dates back to June 8, 1701. On that day, Peter the Great issued Decree No. 1856, setting rules for the care of the poor, sick, and elderly in almshouses. This marked the start of state-run welfare.

Under Catherine the Great, public welfare boards expanded these efforts. Schools, hospitals, almshouses, and orphanages were established to support vulnerable groups. Centuries later, in 1994, Russia began observing Social Worker’s Day to honour those continuing this legacy.

Elsewhere, Gabriela Delgado, an employee of Mexico’s National Institute for Women, proposed International Housewife’s Day. She aimed to recognise women’s roles in strengthening families and raising children. Over time, the holiday evolved to include men, becoming Housewife’s and Househusband’s Day. World Ocean Day in Russia features conferences, expeditions, and clean-up drives. Oceans cover three-quarters of the Earth and hold 97% of its water. They also produce most of the oxygen we breathe and regulate climate and weather patterns. Scientists identify five oceans: the Pacific, Atlantic, Indian, Arctic, and Southern.