Quantum Effects Reshape Gravity's Mysteries Near Black Holes and Neutron Stars

Scientists are examining how quantum effects could change our understanding of gravity, especially around extreme objects like neutron stars and black holes. A team from the University of Sussex has now refined calculations to address inconsistencies in previous models. Xavier Calmet and Marco Sebastianutti focused on modelling the surfaces of celestial bodies in a way that remains mathematically consistent with quantum corrections. Earlier attempts had led to physically unrealistic results due to simplified density profiles causing divergences.

The researchers developed a modified Tolman VII density profile to overcome these issues. This allowed them to determine the conditions needed for generating regular, physically meaningful corrections. Their work also revealed that quantum corrections depend on a star’s interior composition at higher orders, uncovering a subtle ‘quantum hair’ feature.

Using a theoretical framework, the team incorporated quantum corrections into the equations describing gravity. They then explored how these corrections alter fundamental properties of compact objects, such as mass, radius, and density distribution. The new approach resolves long-standing inconsistencies in quantum gravity theory. It provides a clearer pathway for modelling surfaces of celestial bodies while ensuring mathematical and physical validity. The findings may help improve our understanding of gravity in extreme environments.