Pope Leo XIV rejects 'just war' theory in historic Vatican consistory

Pope Leo XIV recently held his second consistory, gathering 178 cardinals in Rome. The meeting covered a wide range of topics, including the Church’s stance on war, synodality, and modern challenges. Discussions were both theological and practical in nature. During the consistory, Pope Leo declared the traditional 'just war' theory outdated. He also condemned war in his homily, stating it is never blessed by God. Cardinal Robert W. McElroy supported this view, noting broad agreement among participants that the old framework no longer serves a useful purpose.

The cardinals also examined the implementation of synodality across the Church. They reviewed the final document on the subject, with Cardinal Antoine Kambanda of Kigali highlighting the diversity of perspectives shared. Cardinal McElroy added that further theological study would be needed to refine the Church’s teaching on military force.

Other topics included Pope Leo’s first encyclical, Magnifica Humanitas, and the Church’s response to modern issues such as artificial intelligence. The consistory concluded with a clear shift in the Church’s position on war. Synodality and contemporary challenges remain key areas for ongoing discussion. Further theological work is expected to shape future teachings on these matters.